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考研高频单词讲解-7

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56. helicopter

地上有个大H的就是停直升机的地方。

57. abandon

ab + ban,去禁掉 \Rightarrow 放弃。

58. province

省份。Pro + vince,其中 Vince 在这篇博文提到过,Pro “向前” + vince “conquer”,向前征服的地方 \Rightarrow 地区(territory,region),省份。

59. reject

Re ‘back’ + ject ‘throw’,向后扔 \Rightarrow 拒绝。

60. select

se ‘apart’ + lec ‘collect, gather’,分开来从中选择 \Rightarrow 挑选,选择。

注意 elect 和 select 的区别:e 在这里表示向外,向外选 \Rightarrow 选举。

61. actual

act 意为一个做过的事情(a thing done),al 表形容词,所以 actual 表示实际的,现实的。

62. capital

cap 做词根表示头(head),所以 cap 在英文中是帽子。Capital 表首都(首 = 头),首字母(也和头有关)。因此 Capitalize 也表示首字母化。

63. species

一种(a kind or sort),物种(生物学)。spec表示看(look),所以这个单词可以理解为看一眼,也就是一种。所以在生物学领域的一种就是物种,在物理和逻辑学中都有这个术语,这里不做解释了。

64. specific

该单词也和 spec 有关,在尾部加上了 fic(做,make),为了某一个种做的 \Rightarrow 特定的。要注意与 special 的区别,special 仅仅表示它代表了某一方面、种,而不是为了某一方面而制作(make)的,所以 special 是特别的,不是特定的。

Fic 意思是做,形成(form,make)也很常见,比如 figure 和 fiction 都与做有关。Figure 意思比较多,其中大多也和做有关,比如形状,图表,身材。Fiction 是做出来的东西 \Rightarrow (虚构)小说。

65. agency

ag,ac(c = g,发音相同)意思是做、行动(doing),注意和上面的 make 不一是一个做。Agency 就是行动的名词,所以它本身就有行动的意思,比如:

action or intervention, especially such as to produce a particular effect.

所以帮忙做的就是机构(agency),机构的做的人就是代理人(agent)。

在哲学中,agency表示能动性,简单来说就是对外界主动做,这我们就很熟悉了。

66. commercial

com + merce,其中 merce 源自于罗马神话的旅行者之神——墨丘利(Mercurius)。

墨丘利是边界及穿越边界的旅行者之神,亦掌管牧羊人与牧牛人,辩论与灵舌,诗与文字,体育,重量与度量,发明与商业,他也是狡猾的小偷和骗子之神。

重视交换、贸易,故 merce 表贸易,那么共同的贸易 \Rightarrow 商业。他速度很快,所以水星(mercury)也是源自他。

墨丘利对应了希腊神话的赫耳墨斯(Hermes),爱马仕(Hermès)箱包把意思也寄托在旅行之神身上。

67. corporation

与 Corpus 同源,表示身体、尸体。Corporate 需要有法人,就像人的身体一样,每一个组成部分都需要有。所以Corporation 比 company 规模大。

68 . credit

Credit 最初表信任(trust)。

它的意思比较多,一一解释一下

  1. 学分:学校对你的信任度。
  2. 余额:你对该公司(或银行)的信任度,与 balance(余额)意思差不多。
  3. 赞美:给与某人信任说明对他是赞赏的。

Credit card,银行对你的信任度。Debit card(借记卡),借给银行的钱。

Credible:可信任的。
Incredible:难以置信。

69. critical

Cri 在这里表分离(separate),分离好与坏,所以 cri 还有决定(decide)的意思,critical 就是决定性的。所以在这种意思下,临界区、临界点、临界质量都用的是 critical 做修饰词,它能决定一件事的成功与否。

Cri 是拟声词,表分离是因为模拟物体裂开的声音。

70. express

作动词,press 表示压,向外压(想法)就是表达。press 同样也表示媒体,因为早期报纸就是压制纸张制成的。

作名词,向外压(货物),特快列车、快递。

作形容词,向外表达出来的,所以express 意为明确的。例句:

The schools were founded for the express purpose of teaching deaf children.

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