Skip to main content

考研高频单词讲解-2


书接上回。上次讲了十个单词,其中包含了许多非常重要的词根,越往下讲词根的重复率会越大,所以词根方面的内容会变少,我尽量在其他的地方多补充点内容。

11.label

动词和名词的意思都有,动词就是标签化,比如label him a
loser。此处的label用作贬义,也可以和中文一样当成中性词使用。

例句:

labeled the switches so as not to confuse them

这里的label可以替换为categorize或者tag。

12.detail

De ‘off’ + tail ‘cut’ 意为切下来的东西 => 细节。

Tailor(裁缝)也是tail的衍生词,字面意思(literally)为’cutter’。

tailor还有作为动词的意思,也很常见,意为量身定做(裁缝干的事)。

比如

This patch is tailored for Windows users.
这个补丁是为Windows用户定制的。

tailor换成cuntomize亦可。

13.event

e’out,ex的变体(variant)’+ vent ’ come’ 出来的东西,通常指大事件。比如竞技体育的大型比赛就是一次event(Ti,s10,major…)

这里的vent也是一个重要词根,作为来的意思非常多见,convene,convention,adventure,circumvent’绕过’(circum是圆的词根,circumcise(cise = cide,切)可以帮助大家很好的记忆这个词根,意思请大家自行查阅,warning: NSFW⚠)

这里再分享一句个人很喜欢的亚历山大的名言

我来,我见,我征服。

I came, I saw, I conquered.
Veni, vidi, vici.(拉丁语)

这里的veni就是来,其他意思也是一一对应的。

Vidi就是看,衍生词visual,s,t,d互相变是正常操作,大家看过了就认识了。t和d是清浊辅音,s变t是因为发音相似,比如visual 和 virtual 的s和t的读音相似。

Vici是胜利,中国有个电竞俱乐部Vici gaming(VG)就取自该意。

还有IG战队(Invictus Gaming)也是如此,In表否定,后面也是拉丁语(vic做词根,tus形容词后缀),可以理解为invicible,unconquerable,即不可战胜之队。

Navi(natus vincere),vincere与vici是同根词,natus和natal(出生的)同根,加起来意思就是natal winner,天生赢家。

可见很多战队起名都习惯拿vici当作来源,这里讲了好多电竞相关的知识,女同学可能觉得无聊了,没关系,学会了可以讲给男朋友听:)

顺便说一句,大多数战队取名都是用的拉丁语或者非本国语言,至于原因,我想大概和"装逼"分不开haha,毕竟取人名都希望有诗意一点,战队名也是一样,一眼让人看懂了岂不是很没面子?( ̄▽ ̄)

14.inflate

in + flare(latin) ‘blow’( t->r 辅音变化),向里吹=>膨胀,经济学中为【通货膨胀】。注意与英语单词flare区分开,词根都是Latin,希腊等其他语族,而不是英语单词。

Deflation:通货紧缩

Stagflation:停滞性通货膨胀。Stag (stagnate)+ flat 的组合词。

15.verb

verb这个词大家见得很多了,但是这个词记忆却相当有技巧。

1.构词法里 w = v
(某些情况下,不绝对),因为发音类似,所以可以互相替换造出新词。

2.元音等同 a = e = i = o = u

3.词尾辅音变化,此变化通常是为了长得更像英语单词,或者发音更方便。

综合以上三点,v=w, e=o,
b=>d,就变成了新词word,而拉丁语中verb的词根就是word的意思,所以verbal是词语的意思。

至于为什么verb为什么有动词的意思,我想应该是说话中动词占主要成分,承上启下。

再分享一句Latin谚语帮助大家记忆词根:

Acta non verba (做,别bb)

Act not verb(简化成英语),是不是长得很像?

16.weather

这个单词应该都认识,说一个比较常见的动词用法

Weather the strom。渡过险境,作文里可以用一用。

Weather the quarantine(隔离)

17.dioxide,二氧化物

Di ‘duo’+ ox ‘氧气’+ ide 'acid’的合成词。

Duo上次已经讲过了,表示双。

ox来自于同一个词根 ‘ak-’(原始印欧语,意为酸,acid),原因如下:

x的音标为/eks/, 其实就可以把他当成三个字母组成的(e,k,s)。

那么ox = oeks = aks (元音替换后合并为a) = ak(辅音脱落)

Ide作为acid的后缀保留了下来,至于氧气为什么与acid联系在一起,与早期的讹传有关,当时认为氧气可以生成酸。参考

18.Europe

欧罗巴洲,简称欧洲,起源于希腊神话故事。欧罗巴(Europa)被伪装成公牛的宙斯,后被带到了克里特岛诱奸,在哪里她生了几个孩子,于是欧洲大陆便以她的名字命名。

延伸阅读:其他大陆的词源(维基百科)

19.evident

e ‘向外’+ vid ‘see’ = 向外看到的 => 明显的。

Evidence就是证据(很明显的东西)。

vid上文已经介绍过。

补充两个小拉丁短语:

1.Vide infra, (infra ‘下,below’ + structure,底层建筑)
,所以翻译成英语为:See below

2.Vide supra, (super ‘上,over,above’+
man,超过一般人,超人),英语:see above。

令人意外的是,legal与law并不同源(参见ref1,ref2),,不过把他们联系到一起记忆确实挺方便的。W变换成为g,再加个al作为形容词。

反义词为illegal。同义词为legitimate和lawful,有细微区别,都理解为合法的问题不大。同时legal还可以表示法律相关的。

后记:这一篇讲了不少词根以及相关的拉丁短语,第一次接触的同学可能看不太习惯,多查阅资料,善用搜索引擎可以帮助我们掌握更多的知识。有同学整理这些词根做笔记我当然欢迎,不过不记笔记也问题不大,勤查字典也许是很好的记忆方法。

**同时,不要想着背住词根来记忆相关单词,因为有的词根不好记忆,所以我推荐词根记不住就多记几个同根单词,用多个单词记忆同一个词根,词根记住了,或者看着眼熟了,再反过来记忆单词,相辅相成效果更佳,祝各位学习愉快~~

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

2012年英语一大小作文

  小作文:欢迎信 Dear friends, Welcome to our university! On behalf of the Students’ Union, I am writing this email to express our excitement for your coming and offer some practical suggestions for your campus life here. Most important is that: Do not forget to enroll with your student cards on the first day to university, and keep your cards at hand in case of checking when entering specific constructions. Furthermore, our sports field is open from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m., so please adjust your exercise time accordingly and do not work out too late. I hope you can enjoy your studying time and have fun here. If you have any problems, please contact us by email via  union@student.com . We are here for you! Yours sincerely, Li Ming 大作文:悲喜之间 There are two men, as is depicted in this meaningful cartoon, making different responses to the very same incident happening on the road where a bottle of water tips down on the ground, and part of the water in it spills out. One of them reacts to it with depress

2017年英语一大小作文

小作文:推荐信 Dear Professor James, Welcome to Newland! I thought you might want to travel to some tourist attractions here, so I am writing this email to give my recommendations. The most appealing spot is Antara, where is full of decent local museums of different types, such as art, music, and history. You are a big fan of history and art, so I am sure that will be the No.1 option. The second recommendation is Ozark, a beautiful lake, where you can row a boat serenely or fish for a quiet afternoon. I am excited about your arrival. My picks are tailored for you, so I hope they would be taken into your account. Have fun and see you soon! Best regards, Li Ming 大作文:“有书”与“读书” It has been a common phenomenon that one is less inclined to read books, as is the man in the left picture, who leans back on a chair and exclaims that he owns so many books. On the contrary, the “right” boy is not an owner, but a practical reader, who sits in front of a desk and resolves to finish twenty books within this

2013年英语一大小作文

  小作文:邀请信 Dear Professor Ford, I am one of your students who attend your business classes. I am writing this e-mail because I want to invite you to be the judge for this Sunday English speech contest. I attended your business management classes last year, and I was impressed by your personalities and humorousness. So I thought you are the best person to take part in our English interactions and be the judge to make remarks about everyone’s performance. The subject of our contest is whether the government should pool more money to conserve endangered animals. It will be hosted in classroom E325 on March 17(this Sunday). I hope you can accept my invitation. Thanks for reading, and we are waiting for you! Yours sincerely, Li Ming 大作文:毕业的选择 This enlightening cartoon features a scene that happens when each college student is about to graduate. Many youngsters stand hesitantly in the face of a four-direction crossroad with nerves on edge and getting cold feet. In front of them, there are fou

2011年英语一大小作文

  小作文:推荐信 Dear El, It has been a long time since we had a chat last time. How have you been these days? Recently I watched a movie  Braveheart  on Netflix and thought you might love it as well. So I recommend this epic and historical movie to you. The first reason is the protagonist William Wallace-a Scottish warrior-shows his perfect acting skills and real medieval life to the audiences. Second is that you are a big fan of history, so you will learn many historical backgrounds of conflicts between England and Scotland, which were fierce at that time. Last but not least, the film also advocates the spirit of freedom and the fight against unjust fate. I hope you would enjoy the movie, and I am looking for your reply. Have a nice day! Yours sincerely, Li Ming 大作文:谈环境 There are two youngsters, in this drawing, sitting on a boat who chatter and smoke happily. Surprisingly, lots of fishes are floating on the river due to the garbage chucked by them. Still, the rowing guide unexpectedly igno

2010年英语一大作文

  The Cultural Hotpot There is a hotpot standing in the middle of the picture, containing various kinds of food with different names such as swan lake, enlightenment, Confucianism, etc., as if all of them were mixing perfectly and harmoniously. The caption under the cartoon says: the cultural hot pot is both delicious and nutritious. The cartoon intends to illuminate that our culture is not an isolated island where folks only absorb things that they are familiar with. What we need to assimilate, however, is cultural features from different nations and various races. And by this means, the hotpot would be so delicious and nutritious that everyone in this society can relish what they have achieved eventually and can unconsciously affect each other afterward. In my viewpoint, diverse cultures enormously broaden ones’ horizons. In other words, whatever we are in touch with, it may provide a different way in which we see the world where there may be another treasure in an unnoticed corner.