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词根“volv”相关单词讲解

lake near mountain under cloudy sky at daytime

本期是具体解析词根的第一篇,先从volv讲起,因为这是我在文章中第一个提到的词根。希望大家能记住能够,然后更方便地背单词。

本期主要讲解volv相关单词,volv(Latin)作为词根是拟声词,模仿旋转的声音,是从原始印欧语’wel’演化而来,不需要掌握wel,有个印象就行。

volv的作为词根以为“roll,turn around”,和旋转分不开,所以他的衍生词也都与旋转有关。注意vert(divert,convert)这个词根表示’turn’(转一次),而不是’turn around’(旋转)。

本期大多单词为冷门低频词,虽说冷门,但是有很多是专业术语,相关专业同学应该比较了解。不过对于大多数人来说能有个印象就行,能记忆多少是多少,当作是词根记忆联想即可。

1. Voluble

健谈的,同义词:talkative, loquacious。由volv + able组成,字面义为能转的,可能是指说话人转动的舌头,或者是说话人滔滔不绝的状态。名词:Volubility。

2. Volume

意为“卷”,一开始是指书籍,第一卷,第二卷等。因为在书籍(有封面,页)出现之前,东西方人都用卷轴(scroll)写书或者作画(如图)。


enter image description here

在书籍出现之后,之前volume的意思也保留了下来,虽然此时“卷”的意思已经不再明显。后来,volume的意思得到了拓展,还能指卷成的物体的体积,大小。再衍生出“音量”的意思,即为声音的大小。

voluminous,volume + ous(体积肥大的,卷帙浩繁的),都是讲过的意思,应该不难理解。

3. Volutation

意思和roll一样,由volutate(Latin) + ion合成。旋转的名词,比较冷门的一个词,不需要记忆。

4. Volute

意为,漩涡状的(adj.),涡形(n.)。注意并非是 Vol + ate组成的动词,而是由voluta(Latin)直接演变而来。

Volution:涡旋(n.),旋转。同样都是冷门词,应用场景较少。

5. Valve

阀门,不是value!该词也和转有关,v社就是这个单词,搭配steam,很有感觉。

Valvo(沃尔沃)比喻轮子的转动。

6. Vault

保险柜,也和转有关(如图)。

enter image description here

7. Advolution

向某物发展,ad ‘toward’ + volv。向某个方向滚。

8. Circumvolve, Circumvolute

circum ‘circus, circle’ + volve,绕着圈转,两个单词意思都为缠绕。circum作为词根可以记忆,如circumstance,circumcise,circumscribe,频率还是挺高的,而且用circle来记忆也不难。

9. Convolute

con ‘together’ + volv ‘roll’,共同卷入 => 使复杂。

名词Convolution在数学上表示卷积。

10. Convolve

同上,共同卷入(roll or coil together),表示交缠(entwine)。

11. Devolve

De ‘down’ + volv,向下转 => 下放(权力,责任)。

名词:Devolution。

12. Evolve

E ‘ex’ + volv,向外转 => 演化。个人理解此处不应翻译为进化,我们看看英英释义

develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form.

更复杂的形式不代表进化,进化也不一定需要有更复杂的形式。因为进化可以是多个维度(灵活性,智慧,强壮性,生存能力)的,比如大脑的进化和身体的进化往往不可兼得。如果某个生物更聪明但是身体更差,那么未必是一种进化,故称其为演化比较合适。

可以参见这个链接

13. Involve

这个词大家比较熟悉,向内卷 => 卷入,涉及。

名词为involvement和involution(内卷化,无需记忆)。

14. Revolt

Re ‘back’ + volt,向后转 => 反叛(调转目标),使恶心(头或身体向后转)。

Revolution:革命。

Revolutionary:革命的(adj),革命者(n),为什么形容词能表名词在这篇博文已经说过。

15. Revolve

旋转,Re ‘again’ + volve,注意Re作为前缀有反复(again),强调(Intensive),向后(back),这里表反复,不过理解为强调也可以说得通。

Revolver:左轮。

以下几个单词由wel变化而来,而不是volv(volv也是从wel变来的),请注意。

16. Helix

螺旋,由wel(开头已经提及)转变而来(w -> h),ix为名词后缀。DNA双螺旋(Nucleic acid double helix)也是这个helix,补图一张。

enter image description here

Helical,螺旋的,形容词后缀 al。

17. Walk

很常见的单词,同样也是由wel这个词根变化而来,两条腿绕胯部旋转就是走路的过程。

18. Wallow

Wal = wel(词根),特指在泥潭、沼泽中翻滚,可以参考这张图。其中后面的low可能是模仿水流转动的声音。结合起来就是在泥水中翻滚。

19. Willow

Wil = wel,柳树,以柳条在风中转动为特征。后面的low与风声联系在一起,更方便记忆。

Willowy:苗条的。

20. Whelk

蛾螺,海螺。

好啦,关于volv这个词根的相关单词讲的就差不多了,可以通过类似单词的细微不同来加深对其的理解。如有写得不好或者补充,欢迎指正~~

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