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考研高频单词讲解-1



本期写一篇考研高频单词的讲解,主要是从词根词缀出发写一点个人背单词的技巧和心得,或者是一些小的辨析之类的。词频的来源是这里。


授人鱼不如授人以渔,先推荐两个个我常用的词根查询网站(全英+科学上网):

Etymonline

Wiktionary

前期直接看可能难度较大,可以参考http://www.dicts.cn/
这个网站,逐渐熟悉后再慢慢适应英文版。

话不多说,直接开始吧~~

1. industrial

industry的形容词,注意industry有勤奋的意思,而industrial没有【勤奋的】的意思,只有【工业的】的意思。Industry由 indu + stry组成,indu 由indo结尾变化而来(元音变化很常见,可以理解为a = e = i = o =u),意为 in或者within , stry = stru = structure。综合起来就是在里面建造=》工业。

2. involve

in(≈indo)+volve(旋转,拟声词,模仿旋转的声音) = 卷入,涉及。Volvo沃尔沃也是源自同一个词根,元音变化又用上啦,e 变成了 o。volve这个词根的同源词也很多,需要单开一节讲解。

3. moral

这个单词从词源比较难记,因为无法得出有效的记忆规律。所以多个同源单词一起记忆比较方便。

Demoralize 这个单词翻译考过,de = off 去掉,morale(士气),懂点词根很容易就能知道他的意思啦。比如LOL中被Ace(团灭)了就非常地demoralizing哈哈。如果每人拿到一个人头就叫做team ace,虽然通常都是adc(attack damage carry), ap(ability power carry)拿人头。

说到ace这个单词也很有趣,ace是扑克(poker)中最大的。有一种说法是,1789年法国大革命之后,平民获得了更多权力,于是最底层ace就变成最大的啦。

如果各位有兴趣还可以学习扑克中的历史+英语,Jack, Queen, King对应了不同的人物,其中黑桃q(queen of
spades,spade是铲子)原型是雅典娜(Athena),还有很多有意思的人物,这里就不展开啦,有兴趣可以自己查阅以上超链接。

Morale 加e变名词,有道德的状态(concerning moral principles),有士气。

Morality 纯Moral的名字形式。

4. production

源自于produce = pro(向前 forward)+ duce(领导
lead)。生产线是一步步向前领导的过程。

Pro要和pre(before)区分开来,前者是向前,后者是在前面。Duce做领导的意思很常见,也非常重要,由于同源单词太多可能需要单开一个章节写。比较有意思的是墨索里尼二战时期把自己称为duce(the leader),意大利语稍有不同,但词根都是一样的。

5. essential

essence(本质)的形容词,这个单词的词根同样不好记,es = be 存在,存在的东西就是本质。absence(ab = away)(ab + es,e被省略了,ence名词后缀)离开了存在不存在,用相反的单词记忆。

6. substance

Sub(在下面)+ stance (同stand,后缀变化),站在下面的物质,这里的物质泛指比较底层的组成成分,也就引申出了【重要性】这个意思。Stance(源自sta)很重要的词根,依然需要单开章节介绍。

7. detection

detect的名词,de (un, 表示相反) + tec(=teg,表示cover)这里teg = tec是因为格林定律,简单来说就是c,g同音所以可以替换。所以detect可以理解为uncover,就是察觉。同样的还有protect 向前cover 保护。

把t浊化为d,得到dec = tec ,ck 和 c 发音相同,所以组成新的单词deck的词根也是teg,deck的意思是甲板,和cover的意思就很近啦。

8. concept

con(加强,英文intensive,强化班(intensive learning))+ cept(抓,grasp)。这里的grasp还可以是【理解】的意思,英语中理解也可以是抓,例如comprehend(com + prehend(grasp),共同抓)就是理解。所以说了这么多,concept就是共同理解的东西,也就是概念。毕竟数学概念需要大家共同去理解才能称之为概念。

词根cept同样重要,可以看到前几名每个都有很重要的词根,掌握了其中几个就能大大提高背单词的效率。

9. decade

dec = ten,十。December虽然是十二月,但是其中dec确实十的意思,至于为什么十二月用十月表示呢?这又是一个漫长的故事,简单说就是人类的历法是在与时俱进的,古罗马时期只有十个月,随着历法越来越完善,人们在march前又加了两个月,于是每个月份都对应后移了两个,参考这个回答。关于数字的词根也需要花一篇文章去写,先说几个常见的吧。

Double: dou表示二,元音变化duo也是二。Duo就是二人合作,双排,玩过游戏的同学应该经常看到这个单词吧。Triple, 同理可以得到trio这个单词,三排。10.

10. intellect

Intel(between,和英特尔(Integrated Electronics)没关系) + lect(collect)= 从中收集。Intellect翻译为智力就是收集到一起的东西。同样intelligence(智能)的意思也差不多。Lect也是常见词根。

从意思上不好区别两个单词,推荐用不同的单词记忆:

Intellectual 知识分子(n.),有知识的(adj.)

Artificial intelligence 人工智能。

后记:终于写完了,没想到十个单词居然码了几个小时的字。为了照顾不适应阅读长文的同学(主要是偷懒hhh),暂时先讲这十个单词吧,一千五百多字长度也比较适中。别看单词很少,其中包含了很多非常非常重要的词根,后期我也会专门写词根的文章,进行更加系统的记忆,我们下次见~

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