考研高频单词讲解-1

本期写一篇考研高频单词的讲解，主要是从词根词缀出发写一点个人背单词的技巧和心得，或者是一些小的辨析之类的。词频的来源是这里。

授人鱼不如授人以渔，先推荐两个个我常用的词根查询网站（全英+科学上网）：
Etymonline
Wiktionary
前期直接看可能难度较大，可以参考http://www.dicts.cn/
这个网站，逐渐熟悉后再慢慢适应英文版。
话不多说，直接开始吧~~

1. industrial

industry的形容词，注意industry有勤奋的意思，而industrial没有【勤奋的】的意思，只有【工业的】的意思。Industry由 indu + stry组成，indu 由indo结尾变化而来（元音变化很常见，可以理解为a = e = i = o =u），意为 in或者within ， stry = stru = structure。综合起来就是在里面建造=》工业。

2. involve

in（≈indo）+volve（旋转，拟声词，模仿旋转的声音） = 卷入，涉及。Volvo沃尔沃也是源自同一个词根，元音变化又用上啦，e 变成了 o。volve这个词根的同源词也很多，需要单开一节讲解。

3. moral

这个单词从词源比较难记，因为无法得出有效的记忆规律。所以多个同源单词一起记忆比较方便。
Demoralize 这个单词翻译考过，de = off 去掉，morale（士气），懂点词根很容易就能知道他的意思啦。比如LOL中被Ace（团灭）了就非常地demoralizing哈哈。如果每人拿到一个人头就叫做team ace，虽然通常都是adc（attack damage carry）, ap(ability power carry)拿人头。
说到ace这个单词也很有趣，ace是扑克（poker）中最大的。有一种说法是，1789年法国大革命之后，平民获得了更多权力，于是最底层ace就变成最大的啦。
如果各位有兴趣还可以学习扑克中的历史+英语，Jack, Queen, King对应了不同的人物，其中黑桃q（queen of
spades，spade是铲子）原型是雅典娜（Athena），还有很多有意思的人物，这里就不展开啦，有兴趣可以自己查阅以上超链接。
Morale 加e变名词，有道德的状态（concerning moral principles），有士气。
Morality 纯Moral的名字形式。

4. production

源自于produce = pro（向前 forward）+ duce（领导
lead）。生产线是一步步向前领导的过程。
Pro要和pre（before）区分开来，前者是向前，后者是在前面。Duce做领导的意思很常见，也非常重要，由于同源单词太多可能需要单开一个章节写。比较有意思的是墨索里尼二战时期把自己称为duce（the leader），意大利语稍有不同，但词根都是一样的。

5. essential

essence（本质）的形容词，这个单词的词根同样不好记，es = be 存在，存在的东西就是本质。absence（ab = away）（ab + es，e被省略了，ence名词后缀）离开了存在不存在，用相反的单词记忆。

6. substance

Sub（在下面）+ stance （同stand，后缀变化），站在下面的物质，这里的物质泛指比较底层的组成成分，也就引申出了【重要性】这个意思。Stance（源自sta）很重要的词根，依然需要单开章节介绍。

7. detection

detect的名词，de (un, 表示相反) + tec（=teg，表示cover）这里teg = tec是因为格林定律，简单来说就是c，g同音所以可以替换。所以detect可以理解为uncover，就是察觉。同样的还有protect 向前cover 保护。
把t浊化为d，得到dec = tec ，ck 和 c 发音相同，所以组成新的单词deck的词根也是teg，deck的意思是甲板，和cover的意思就很近啦。

8. concept

con（加强，英文intensive，强化班（intensive learning））+ cept（抓，grasp）。这里的grasp还可以是【理解】的意思，英语中理解也可以是抓，例如comprehend（com + prehend（grasp），共同抓）就是理解。所以说了这么多，concept就是共同理解的东西，也就是概念。毕竟数学概念需要大家共同去理解才能称之为概念。
词根cept同样重要，可以看到前几名每个都有很重要的词根，掌握了其中几个就能大大提高背单词的效率。

9. decade

dec = ten，十。December虽然是十二月，但是其中dec确实十的意思，至于为什么十二月用十月表示呢？这又是一个漫长的故事，简单说就是人类的历法是在与时俱进的，古罗马时期只有十个月，随着历法越来越完善，人们在march前又加了两个月，于是每个月份都对应后移了两个，参考这个回答。关于数字的词根也需要花一篇文章去写，先说几个常见的吧。
Double： dou表示二，元音变化duo也是二。Duo就是二人合作，双排，玩过游戏的同学应该经常看到这个单词吧。Triple, 同理可以得到trio这个单词，三排。10.

10. intellect

Intel（between，和英特尔（Integrated Electronics）没关系） + lect（collect）= 从中收集。Intellect翻译为智力就是收集到一起的东西。同样intelligence（智能）的意思也差不多。Lect也是常见词根。
从意思上不好区别两个单词，推荐用不同的单词记忆：
Intellectual 知识分子（n.），有知识的（adj.）
Artificial intelligence 人工智能。

后记：终于写完了，没想到十个单词居然码了几个小时的字。为了照顾不适应阅读长文的同学（主要是偷懒hhh），暂时先讲这十个单词吧，一千五百多字长度也比较适中。别看单词很少，其中包含了很多非常非常重要的词根，后期我也会专门写词根的文章，进行更加系统的记忆，我们下次见~

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